Puncture (topology)
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In topology, puncturing a manifold is removing a finite set of points from that manifold.cite-ref-footnoteseifertthrelfall198029-1-0[1] The set of points can be small as a single point. In this case, the manifold is known as once-punctured. With the removal of a second point, it becomes twice-punctured, and so on.
Examples of punctured manifolds include the open disk (which is a sphere with a single puncture), the cylinder (which is a sphere with two punctures),cite-ref-footnoteseifertthrelfall198029-1-1[1] and the Möbius strip (which is a projective plane with a single puncture).cite-ref-footnoteseifertthrelfall198012-2-0[2]
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References
cite-note-footnoteseifertthrelfall198029-11. ↑ Seifert & Threlfall 1980, p. 29.
cite-note-footnoteseifertthrelfall198012-22. ↑ Seifert & Threlfall 1980, p. 12.
Bibliography
• citerefseifertthrelfall1980Seifert, Herbert; Threlfall, William (1980). A Textbook of Topology. Pure and Applied Mathematics. Vol. 89. Translated by Goldman, Michael A. New York & London: Academic Press. p. 12. ISBN 0-12-634850-2. MR 0575168.